螺桿泵詳解：核心部件，工作原理與應(yīng)用（中英文）
螺桿泵的部件——螺桿泵是一種常見(jiàn)的容積式泵。它的另一個(gè)名稱是水螺桿泵。螺桿泵是一種利用一個(gè)或多個(gè)螺桿沿螺桿軸線輸送流體或水的裝置。為了加壓流體并將其輸送到系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部，這些螺桿相互嚙合。這些螺桿相互纏繞，并在氣缸的空腔內(nèi)往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)。螺桿泵由許多部件組成，包括殼體、螺桿（根據(jù)螺桿泵的類型，螺桿數(shù)量可能從一到五個(gè)不等）、軸承、密封件、電機(jī)適配器和驅(qū)動(dòng)軸。螺桿泵的設(shè)計(jì)簡(jiǎn)潔明了。
Parts of Screw Pump – A screw pump is a well-known positive displacement pump type. A water screw pump is another name for it. A screw pump is a device that employs one or more screws to transfer fluids or water along the screw’s axis. To pressurize the fluid and transport it inside the system, these screws interlock. These screws are intertwined and reciprocate within the cylinder’s hollow. A screw pump is made up of many components, including a casing, a screw (which may range from one to five screws depending on the kind of screw pump), bearings, a seal, a motor adaptor, and a driving shaft. Screw pumps have a straightforward design.
什么是螺桿泵？
What is a Screw Pump?
顧名思義，螺桿泵的形狀類似于螺紋，通過(guò)旋轉(zhuǎn)螺紋，流體從泵的吸入側(cè)流向排出側(cè)。由于泵內(nèi)部間隙相對(duì)較小，減少了流體從高壓側(cè)滑向低壓側(cè)的量，因此泵的容積效率很高，尤其是在輸送粘稠流體時(shí)。與任何容積泵一樣，該泵不產(chǎn)生壓力；它僅輸送流體；然而，由于摩擦損失，實(shí)際系統(tǒng)會(huì)產(chǎn)生背壓。
水或其他流體通過(guò)進(jìn)氣閥進(jìn)入泵體，并沿著互鎖螺釘線性流向泵的出口側(cè)。當(dāng)流體流過(guò)泵體時(shí)，螺釘和腔室之間的微小間隙會(huì)提高流體壓力。
As the name suggests, the screw pump’s shape is similar to a screw thread, and the fluid passes down the screw thread from the suction side to the discharge side of the pump by turning it. The volumetric efficiency of the pump is great, especially with viscous fluids, due to relatively close clearances inside the pump, which lowers the amount of fluid slippage from the high pressure to the low-pressure side. The pump, like any positive displacement pump, does not create pressure; it merely transfers fluid; yet, owing to friction loss, the real system produces backpressure.
Water or other fluids enter the pump through the intake valve and flow linearly along with the interlocking screws toward the outlet side of the pump. When fluid runs through the pump, the tiny space between the screw and the chamber raises the fluid pressure.
旋轉(zhuǎn)螺桿泵廣泛應(yīng)用于各行各業(yè)，包括發(fā)電、化學(xué)加工、航運(yùn)、煉油廠、碼頭、管道以及油氣開采。這些泵可用于頂管油、高壓燃油噴射、燃油輸送、齒輪和軸承潤(rùn)滑，以及用于發(fā)電區(qū)水力發(fā)電設(shè)施管理的水力發(fā)電。
水螺桿泵，也稱為螺桿泵，是一種旋轉(zhuǎn)部件很少且維護(hù)成本極低的機(jī)器。借助這類泵，您可以高效地泵送各種粘度、壓力和體積范圍內(nèi)的固定體積物料。
螺桿泵的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單可靠，制造起來(lái)也非常簡(jiǎn)單。它總共有三根螺桿，其中兩根為從動(dòng)螺桿，一根為驅(qū)動(dòng)螺桿。這些螺桿之間留有足夠的空間，用于泵送水或其他流體。流體由電動(dòng)機(jī)輸送至螺桿。
這種泵的殼體具有吸入側(cè)和排出側(cè)。吸入閥位于泵的底部，排出閥位于頂部。排出側(cè)還設(shè)有一個(gè)止回閥，用于阻止流體回流。泵的設(shè)計(jì)體現(xiàn)了所有這些特點(diǎn)。
Rotary screw pumps are used in a wide range of industries, including power generation, chemical processing, shipping, refineries, terminals, pipelines, and oil and gas extraction. These pumps are used for jacking oil, high-pressure fuel injection, fuel delivery, gear and bearing lubrication, and water power for applications in the management of hydroelectric facilities in the power-producing zone.
The water screw, also known as a screw pump, is a machine with few spinning components that requires extremely little maintenance. You can efficiently pump fixed volume items in a variety of viscosity, pressure, and volume ranges with the aid of these pumps.
The construction of a screw pump is simple and dependable. It is really simple to create. There are three screw spindles in all, two of which are driven screws and one of which is a driver. There is sufficient room between these screws, which are in charge of pumping water or other fluid. The fluid is supplied to the screws by an electric motor.
A housing having suction and discharge sides is used in this type of pump. The suction valve is found at the bottom of the pump, while the discharge valve is found at the top. It also contains a check valve on the discharge side that stops the fluid from flowing backward. The pump design reflects all of this.
螺桿泵的 7 個(gè)主要部件
7 Main Parts of Screw Pump
螺桿泵的 7 個(gè)零件分別是：
? 進(jìn)水口和出水口
? 主動(dòng)螺桿
? 正時(shí)齒輪
? 軸承
? 從動(dòng)螺桿
? 泄壓閥
? 驅(qū)動(dòng)軸
7 parts of screw pump are:
? Inlet & Outlet Ports
? Driver Screw
? Timing Gear
? Bearings
? Driven Screw
? Pressure Relief Valve
? Driving Shaft
主動(dòng)螺桿
它是螺桿泵的旋轉(zhuǎn)部件。主動(dòng)螺桿連接到電機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)軸。它有助于保持流體泵送的恒定體積流量。正時(shí)齒輪連接到一端，驅(qū)動(dòng)軸連接到另一端。
從動(dòng)螺桿由主動(dòng)螺桿驅(qū)動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)，驅(qū)動(dòng)螺桿由電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)軸驅(qū)動(dòng)。主動(dòng)螺桿與從動(dòng)螺桿配合良好。該螺桿采用高強(qiáng)度鋼制造。主動(dòng)螺桿的主要作用是通過(guò)作為中間部件的正時(shí)齒輪驅(qū)動(dòng)從動(dòng)螺桿旋轉(zhuǎn)。
從動(dòng)螺桿
從動(dòng)螺桿也采用高強(qiáng)度鋼制成。由于正時(shí)齒輪傳遞的運(yùn)動(dòng)，從動(dòng)螺桿繞其軸線旋轉(zhuǎn)。其旋轉(zhuǎn)方向與驅(qū)動(dòng)齒輪相反。該螺桿的間隙面積恒定。這有助于在有限的空間內(nèi)捕獲水分。
隨著主動(dòng)螺桿和從動(dòng)螺桿的同步移動(dòng)，水量減少并流向出水口。由于這種運(yùn)動(dòng)，流體壓力上升。然后，流體通過(guò)出水口排出。
正時(shí)齒輪
正時(shí)齒輪驅(qū)動(dòng)從動(dòng)螺桿，使陰轉(zhuǎn)子組件和陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)子組件之間不發(fā)生金屬接觸。它在主動(dòng)螺桿和從動(dòng)螺桿之間建立了連接。主動(dòng)螺桿帶動(dòng)正時(shí)齒輪旋轉(zhuǎn)，正時(shí)齒輪再將旋轉(zhuǎn)傳遞給從動(dòng)螺桿。正時(shí)齒輪以這種方式驅(qū)動(dòng)螺桿。即使泵短時(shí)間關(guān)閉，也能確保不會(huì)發(fā)生此類接觸。
進(jìn)水口和出水口
螺桿泵的進(jìn)水口和出水口截然不同。水通過(guò)進(jìn)水口吸入泵內(nèi)，并通出水口排出。泵最終停止運(yùn)行時(shí)，進(jìn)水口和出水口的設(shè)計(jì)可確保泵內(nèi)有足夠的液體介質(zhì)。這有助于泵初始液體介質(zhì)的輸送。因此，即使吸入管是空的或干燥的，也不會(huì)快速干涸。
泄壓閥
螺桿泵是一種容積式泵，即使出口關(guān)閉，壓力也會(huì)累積。壓力累積可能導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題，包括泵內(nèi)部零件損壞以及泵操作員受傷。因此，每個(gè)容積式泵都配有安全閥，以保護(hù)泵、操作員和任何相關(guān)設(shè)備。多余的壓力通過(guò)此閥返回到吸入口。循環(huán)出口流體是另一種常見(jiàn)的降低額外壓力的方法。
軸承
在泵運(yùn)行過(guò)程中，垂直安裝的螺桿泵的上軸承承受著很大的載荷以及軸向和徑向應(yīng)力。因此，下軸承的載荷很小。
底部軸承的主要功能是保持泵部件對(duì)齊。另一方面，螺旋泵、滾柱軸承和滑動(dòng)軸承平行安裝時(shí)，負(fù)載相對(duì)較低。這是因?yàn)楫a(chǎn)生的徑向力和軸向力相互抵消。
驅(qū)動(dòng)軸
驅(qū)動(dòng)軸將泵組件與驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)連接起來(lái)。這種連接是通過(guò)使用合適的柔性聯(lián)軸器來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
驅(qū)動(dòng)軸是許多類型泵的關(guān)鍵部件，它來(lái)回移動(dòng)以確保驅(qū)動(dòng)螺桿的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，驅(qū)動(dòng)軸由一組軸向配合的軸承固定。因此，精確的驅(qū)動(dòng)軸對(duì)中對(duì)于保證泵的使用壽命和軸承至關(guān)重要。
Driver Screw
It’s a screw pump’s spinning component. The driver screw connects to the motor’s driving shaft. It aids in the consistent volumetric flow rate of fluid pumping. The timing gear is connected to one end, while the drive shaft is connected to the other.
The driven screw is rotated by the driver screw, which is powered by the motor’s driving shaft. It has a good fit with the driven screw. High-tensile steel is used to make this screw. The driver screw’s main job is to rotate the driven screw through a timing gear, which is an intermediary component.
Driven Screw
High-tensile steel metal is also used for the driven screw. Because of the movement conveyed by the timing gear, it rotates around its axis. It spins in the opposite direction as the driver’s gear. The clearance area of this screw is constant. This aids in catching water inside the restricted space.
The water volume decreases and travels toward the outlet port as the driver and driven screws move together. The fluid’s pressure rises as a result of this movement. It then discharges through the discharge/outlet port.
Timing Gear
The timing gear drives the driven screws in such a way that the female and male rotor assemblies do not make metal-to-metal contact. It establishes a link between the driver and driven screws. The driver screw rotates the timing gear, which then transmits that rotation to the driven screws. It drives screws in this manner. Even if the pump is turned off for a short time, it guarantees that no such connections are made.
Inlet & Outlet Ports
The intake and exit ports of a screw pump are distinct. The water is sucked into the pump through the intake port, and it is discharged through the output port. When the pump ultimately stops, the inlet and output are designed to ensure that there is enough liquid medium. This aids in the delivery of the pump’s initial liquid medium. As a result, the suction tube should not dry out quickly, even if it is empty or dry.
Pressure Relief Valve
Screw pumps are a type of positive displacement pump that builds pressure even while the outlet is closed. This builds up pressure, which can lead to major problems including pump internal part damage and harm to the pump operator. As a result, every positive displacement pump has a relief valve to safeguard the pump, the operator, and any associated gear. Extra pressure is returned to the intake using this valve. Recirculating the exit fluid is another well-known method of reducing extra pressure.
Bearings
During pump operation, the top bearings of a vertically mounted screw pump sustain heavy loads as well as axial and radial stresses. As a result, the load on the lower bearings is minimal.
The bottom bearing’s primary function is to keep the pump’s components aligned. Water screw pumps, roller bearings and slide bearings mounted in parallel, on the other hand, they have relatively low loads. This is due to the fact that the generated radial and axial forces are opposed and cancel one another out.
Driving Shaft
The driving shaft links the pump assembly to the drive motor. This connection is made possible by the use of the proper set of flexible couplings.
This driving shaft is a critical component of many types of pumps, and it goes from side to side to ensure the driver screw’s operation. The driving shaft is secured by a set of bearings that fit in the axial direction in such structures. As a result, accurate driving shaft alignment is critical to preserve the pump’s service life and bearings.
螺桿泵的用途有哪些？
What are the uses of screw pumps?
與離心泵等其他類型的泵相比，螺桿泵通常用于輸送粘度較高的流體。使用螺桿泵輸送這些流體可以節(jié)省能源，且設(shè)備體積相對(duì)較小。由于螺桿之間沒(méi)有齒輪嚙合，而是依靠流體潤(rùn)滑，因此通常使用具有兩個(gè)以上螺桿的螺桿泵來(lái)輸送潤(rùn)滑流體。
When compared to other pump types, such as centrifugal pumps, screw pumps are usually utilized on fluids with a greater viscosity. Moving these fluids using screw pumps results in energy-efficient and relatively small equipment. Because the screws are not geared together and rely on the fluid to lubricate the screws, screw pumps with more than two screws are often utilized for lubricating fluids.
雙螺桿泵的螺桿采用齒輪傳動(dòng)，避免相互接觸，因此可用于輸送非潤(rùn)滑性流體、化學(xué)品、食品等。雙螺桿泵的流量比多螺桿泵（螺桿數(shù)量超過(guò)兩個(gè)）更高。
油基流體、焦油瀝青、化學(xué)品、工業(yè)粘合劑和乳制品是螺桿泵最常見(jiàn)的應(yīng)用。
The screws of a twin-screw pump are geared to keep them from touching each other, thus they may be used on non-lubricating fluids, chemicals, and foodstuffs, among other things. Twin-screw pumps have a higher flow rate than multi-screw pumps, which have more than two screws.
Oil-based fluids, tar bituminous, chemicals, industrial adhesives, and dairy products are some of the most common applications for a screw pump.
螺桿泵的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Screw Pumps
以下是螺桿泵的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)：
螺桿泵的優(yōu)點(diǎn)
與離心泵相比，螺桿泵具有一些優(yōu)勢(shì)。首先，由于泵送的液體沿軸向流動(dòng)，因此不會(huì)產(chǎn)生湍流。這可以防止?jié)獬硪后w中形成氣泡。
螺桿泵可用于所有流體
? 這些泵易于維護(hù)。
? 結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊
? 可能會(huì)干涸
? 運(yùn)行安靜
? 這些泵提供穩(wěn)定、無(wú)脈沖的流體流動(dòng)。
? 該泵具有更高的容積效率。
? 高可靠性
? 維護(hù)成本極低
? 高穩(wěn)健性
? 自吸能力
? 它對(duì)灰塵顆粒和水蒸氣有很強(qiáng)的抵抗力。
? 螺桿泵不會(huì)泵送流體的污染物。
? 您還可以使用螺桿泵泵送高粘度液體，而不會(huì)損失流量。
? 它具有無(wú)摩擦旋轉(zhuǎn)
? 它以極高的速度泵送流體
? 效率非常高
? 低脈動(dòng)
螺桿泵的缺點(diǎn)
? 對(duì)于小型企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)，安裝需要花費(fèi)很多錢。
? 為了輸送輕質(zhì)氣體，該泵需要?dú)怄?zhèn)。
? 由于沒(méi)有氣鎮(zhèn)，對(duì)于輕氣體來(lái)說(shuō)，它的抽速相對(duì)較慢，最終壓力較低。
The following are the benefits and drawbacks of a screw pump:
Advantages of Screw Pump
Compared to centrifugal pumps, screw pumps have some benefits. First, there is no turbulence as the pumped liquid flows axially. This prevents bubbles from forming in thick liquids.
Screw Pumps can be used for all fluids
? These pumps have easy maintenance.
? It has a compact construction
? It can run dry
? These have a quiet operation
? These pumps provide a steady, non-pulsing flow of fluid.
? This pump has higher volumetric efficiency.
? High reliability
? It needs very low maintenance
? High robustness
? Self-priming ability
? It is very resistant to dust particles and water vapors.
? The contamination of the fluid is not pumped by a screw pump.
? You can also pump a high viscous liquid with screw pumps without losing the flow.
? It has a frictionless rotation
? It pumps the fluid at a very high speed
? It has very high efficiency
? Low pulsations
Disadvantages of Screw Pump
? Installation costs a lot of money for small businesses.
? To transmit light gas, this pump requires a gas ballast.
? Without a gas ballast, it has a relatively slow pumping speed and a lower final pressure for light gasses.
螺桿泵的應(yīng)用
Applications of Screw Pumps
? 場(chǎng)地內(nèi)有多臺(tái)潤(rùn)滑和液壓設(shè)備。大型設(shè)備需使用螺桿泵供油。
? 螺桿泵更適合泵送較重的油。它們甚至可以泵送粘度更高、流速更快的液體。
? 這些泵能夠同時(shí)泵送液體和氣體。因此，這些泵適用于各種泵送業(yè)務(wù)。
? 石油和天然氣、采礦和工業(yè)行業(yè)均采用這種泵。
? 陶瓷，油漆，食品，化學(xué)品和造紙行業(yè)均使用這些泵。
? There are several lubricating and hydraulic machines on the premises. To provide oil to huge equipment, utilize screw pumps.
? Screw pumps are better for pumping heavier oils. They can even pump liquids with higher viscosity and higher flow rates.
? These pumps are capable of pumping both liquid and gas at the same time. As a result, these pumps are used in a variety of pumping businesses.
? The oil and gas, mining, and industrial industries all employ this pump.
? Ceramics, paint, food, chemicals, and paper industries all employ these pumps.
螺桿泵需要啟動(dòng)嗎？
Is Priming Necessary for Screw Pumps?
螺桿泵無(wú)需啟動(dòng)，因?yàn)樗鼈兪亲晕奖谩１脙?nèi)產(chǎn)生的真空使泵能夠自吸。如果螺桿泵干涸并繼續(xù)使用，則會(huì)損壞泵。
Screw pumps require no priming since they are self-priming. The vacuum created within the pump allows the pump to self-prime. It will damage a screw pump if it becomes dry and continued to be used.
螺桿泵中的正時(shí)齒輪是什么？
What Is the Timing Gear In a Screw Pump?
正時(shí)齒輪用于驅(qū)動(dòng)從動(dòng)齒輪，以避免陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)子組件和陰轉(zhuǎn)子組件之間發(fā)生金屬接觸。此外，它還能確保即使泵暫時(shí)空轉(zhuǎn)，也不會(huì)發(fā)生這種接觸。
Timing gears are made to drive driven gears in a manner that avoids metal-to-metal contact between male and female rotor assemblies. Also, it ensures that such contact does not occur, even if the pump runs dry temporarily.
關(guān)于螺桿泵不同部件的常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題解答
FAQ Section about Different Parts of Screw Pump
螺桿泵的運(yùn)行遵循什么原理？
- 正排量原理控制著螺桿泵部件的運(yùn)行。
Which principle governs the operation of a screw pump?
- The positive displacement principle governs the operation of the parts of the screw pump.
螺桿泵有可能干轉(zhuǎn)嗎？
- 是的，螺桿泵的構(gòu)造使其可以干運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)而不會(huì)造成任何損壞或啟動(dòng)問(wèn)題。
Is it possible for a screw pump to run dry?
- Yes, a screw pump is built in such a manner that it may run dry without causing any damage or priming problems.
螺桿泵和齒輪泵有什么區(qū)別？
- 齒輪泵和螺桿泵的根本區(qū)別在于，螺桿泵比齒輪泵產(chǎn)生的振動(dòng)、噪音和脈動(dòng)流量更小。螺桿泵的使用壽命也比齒輪泵更長(zhǎng)。
What is the distinction between a screw and a gear pump?
- The fundamental distinction between gear and screw pumps is that a screw pump produces less vibration, noise, and pulsing flow than a gear pump. Screw pumps also outlast gear pumps in terms of service life.
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