一文讀懂防爆，本安和危險區(qū)域
ATEX涉及2個歐盟指令。第一個是ATEX 137工作場所指令，第二個是ATEX 95設備指令。
ATEX 137工作場所指令（也稱為99/92 / EC）涉及保護在爆炸性環(huán)境中可能處于危險之中的勞動所需的最低要求。
ATEX 95設備指令（也稱為94/9 / EC）涉及在潛在爆炸性環(huán)境中使用設備和系統(tǒng)。
The term ATEX refers to 2 European Directives. The first being the ATEX 137 Workplace Directive and the second is the ATEX 95 Equipment Directive.
The ATEX 137 Workplace Directive (also known as 99/92/EC) relates to the minimum requirements needed for the protection of the workforce who may be at risk in explosive atmospheres.
The ATEX 95 Equipment Directive (also known as 94/9/EC) relates to the use of equipment and systems in potentially explosive atmospheres.
保護概念 | ||
區(qū)域 | 風險 | 保護概念 |
0 | 在其中爆炸性氣體/空氣混合物長時間連續(xù)存在。 | Exia 或 Exs |
1 | 在正常操作中，可能會發(fā)生爆炸性氣體/空氣混合物。 | Exd. Exe, Exib, Exp, Exia, Exs |
2 | 在正常操作中不太可能發(fā)生爆炸性氣體/空氣混合物。 | 適于區(qū)0和1，EXN，ExN和EXQ所有概念 |
Protection Concepts | ||
Zone | Hazard | Protection Concepts |
0 | In which an explosive gas/air mixture is continuously present for long periods. | Exia or Exs |
1 | In which an explosive gas/air mixture is likely to occur in normal operation. | Exd. Exe, Exib, Exp, Exia, Exs |
2 | In which an explosive gas/air mixture is not likely to occur in normal operation. | All concepts suitable for Zone 0 & 1, ExN, ExO and Exq |
保護方式標準 | ||
保護方式 | 英國允許使用區(qū)域 | 代碼字母IEC，EX ..，CENELEC，EEX |
一般要求 | — | — |
油浸 | 2 | o |
加壓 | 1 or 2 | p |
粉末填充 | 2 | q |
隔爆 | 1 or 2 | d |
增安 | 1 or 2 | e |
本安 | * 0, 1 or 2 | ia or ib |
不易燃 | 2 | n # |
封裝形式 | 1 or 2 | m |
特殊 | 1 or 2 | s |
* ia：區(qū)域0、1、2 / ib：區(qū)域1或2，但不是區(qū)域0 | ＃n：在英國本地使用 | ||
Standards For Methods Of Protection | ||
Method Of Protection | Permitted Zone Of Use In UK | Code Letter IEC, EX.., CENELEC, EEX |
General requirement | — | — |
Oil immersion | 2 | o |
Pressurisation | 1 or 2 | p |
Powder filling | 2 | q |
Flameproof | 1 or 2 | d |
Increased safety | 1 or 2 | e |
Intrinsic safety | * 0, 1 or 2 | ia or ib |
Non-incendive | 2 | n # |
Encapsulation | 1 or 2 | m |
Special | 1 or 2 | s |
* ia: Zone 0, 1, 2 / ib: Zone 1 or 2 but not Zone 0 | # n: used locally in UK | ||
氣體組別 | |
氣體#組CENELEC EN 5014, IEC | 代表型氣體 |
I * (礦業(yè)) | 甲烷 |
IIA | 丙烷 |
IIB | 乙烯 |
IIC | 氫 |
Gas Grouping | |
Gas # Group CENELEC EN 5014, IEC | Representative Gas |
I * (mining) | Methane |
IIA | Propane |
IIB | Ethylene |
IIC | Hydrogen |
溫度等級 | |
T級/ IEC 79-7 | 最高表面溫度°C |
T1 | 450°C |
T2 | 300°C |
T3 | 200°C |
T4 | 135°C |
T5 | 100°C |
T6 | 85°C |
Temperature Classification | |
T Class / IEC 79-7 | Max. Surface Temp °C |
T1 | 450°C |
T2 | 300°C |
T3 | 200°C |
T4 | 135°C |
T5 | 100°C |
T6 | 85°C |
認證代碼（CENELEC標記信息-示例[EEx ia] IIC T4） | ||||||
[ | E | Ex | ia | ] | IIC | T4 |
相關設備* | 通過CENELEC標準認證 | 防爆保護 | 保護概念（IS） | 相關設備* | 設備組 | 溫度等級 |
*（位于安全區(qū)域中，可能連接到危險區(qū)域） | ||||||
Certification Code (CENELEC marking information - example [EEx ia] IIC T4) | ||||||
[ | E | Ex | ia | ] | IIC | T4 |
Associated apparatus* | Certified to the CENELEC standard | Explosion protected | Protection concept (IS) | Associated apparatus* | Apparatus group (gas group) | Temperature classification (not Gp I) |
* (located in safe area and may be connected to hazardous area) | ||||||
設備組和類別 | ||
設備組 | 設備類別 | 區(qū) |
I | M = 礦業(yè) | — |
礦業(yè) | M 1 | — |
礦坑氣體/或可燃粉塵 | M 2 | — |
II | G = 氣體 | |
其他領域 | 1 G | 0, 1, 2 |
易爆氣體環(huán)境 | 2 G | 1, 2 |
3 G | 2 | |
在認證類別編號中的G之后添加D | D = 灰塵 | |
（即GD）（如果設備也通過了粉塵類別批準） | 1 D | 20, 21, 22 |
2 D | 21, 22 | |
3 D | 22 | |
類別說明： | ||
Device Group & Category | ||
Device Group | Device Category | Zone |
I | M = Mining | — |
Mining | M 1 | — |
Pit Gas &/or Flammable Dusts | M 2 | — |
II | G = Gas | |
Other Areas | 1 G | 0, 1, 2 |
Explosive Atmosphere | 2 G | 1, 2 |
3 G | 2 | |
D is added after G in the certification class number | D = Dust | |
(i.e. GD) if device is dust category approved also | 1 D | 20, 21, 22 |
2 D | 21, 22 | |
3 D | 22 | |
Explanation of the categories: | ||
閃點
這是液體產生足夠的蒸氣以支持點火的最低溫度。該蒸氣可以通過多種方式被點燃，包括溫度或能量（即火花）。
點火溫度
這是蒸氣被點燃的最低溫度。這定義了溫度等級。
Flashpoint
This is the lowest temperature at which a liquid generates sufficient vapour to support ignition. This vapour can be ignited in many ways including temperature or energy (i.e. a spark).
Ignition Temperature
This is the lowest temperature at which the vapour will be ignited. This defines the temperature class.
電氣設備的最高表面溫度分類（CENELEC） | |
溫度等級 | 最高表面溫度 |
T1 | <450oC |
T2 | <300oC |
T3 | <200oC |
T4 | <135oC |
T5 | <100oC |
T6 | <85oC |
Classification of Maximum Surface Temperatures of Electrical Apparatus (CENELEC) | |
Temp. Class | Max. Surface Temp. |
T1 | <450oC |
T2 | <300oC |
T3 | <200oC |
T4 | <135oC |
T5 | <100oC |
T6 | <85oC |
儀器組（能量點火）
所有地面工業(yè)氣體/蒸氣均歸為第二類氣體，第二組分為3個子組：
IIA –點燃需要高能量。爆炸強度較小。（丙烷）
IIB –點燃所需的能量更少。爆炸更激烈。（乙烯）
IIC –點火所需的能量很少。最強烈的爆炸。（氫）
Apparatus Group (Energy Ignition)
All surface industry gases/vapours are classed as Group II gases. Group II is divided into 3 sub groups:
IIA – High energy is required to ignite. Less intense explosion. (Propane)
IIB – Less energy is required to ignite. More intense explosion. (Ethylene)
IIC – Little energy is required to ignite. Most intense explosion. (Hydrogen)
一些常見易燃材料的特性 | ||||
氣體/蒸氣 | 閃點 | 燃氣 | 點火溫度 | 溫度等級 |
丙酮 | 19oC | IIA | 535oC | T1 |
丁烷 | -60oC | IIA | 365oC | T2 |
庚烷 | -4oC | IIA | 215oC | T3 |
乙基甲醚 | 37oC | IIB | 190oC | T4 |
注意：點火能量和點火溫度之間無關 | ||||
Characteristics Of Some Common Flammable Materials | ||||
Gas/Vapour | Flashpoint | Gas Group | Ignition Temp. | Temp. Class |
Acetone | 19oC | IIA | 535oC | T1 |
Butane | -60oC | IIA | 365oC | T2 |
Heptane | -4oC | IIA | 215oC | T3 |
Ethyl Methyl Ether | 37oC | IIB | 190oC | T4 |
Note: There is no connection between ignition energy and ignition temperature | ||||
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